A theory as clear as glass
A theory as clear as glass
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Scientists ran molecular dynamics simulations to compose a more complete theory of the factors that drive crystallization instead of glass formation. They found that tiny changes in material composition can frustrate crystal growth, leading to vitrification.
tRNA fragments are involved in post-stroke immune reactions
tRNA fragments are involved in post-stroke immune reactions
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Following a stroke, the immune system triggers an inflammatory reaction that can either overshoot or turn into an immune deficiency. Now, a team of researchers has shown that tRNA fragments play a role in this immune reaction. Fragments of tRNAs, which transp
The secret behind male ornaments
The secret behind male ornaments
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In many species all over the animal kingdom, males have eye-catching characteristics. Although often impractical, they are beneficial in finding a mate. Scientists have now mapped the genetic bases of such a male ornament in a fish.
Muscle cell secrets
Muscle cell secrets
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A muscle fiber consists of just one cell, but many nuclei. A team has now shown just how varied these nuclei are. The study can help us better understand muscle diseases such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
The pressure sensor of the venus flytrap
The pressure sensor of the venus flytrap
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The display of a smartphone reacts to finger pressure. The carnivorous Venus flytrap, on the other hand, even notices when a lightweight like a fly lands on it. Special genes make this possible.
'The robot made me do it': Robots encourage risk-taking behavior in people
'The robot made me do it': Robots encourage risk-taking behavior in people
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New research has shown robots can encourage humans to take greater risks in a simulated gambling scenario than they would if there was nothing to influence their behaviors. Increasing our understanding of whether robots can affect risk-taking could have clea
Gut microbiota plays a role in brain function and mood regulation
Gut microbiota plays a role in brain function and mood regulation
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Depression is a mental disorder that affects more than 264 million people of all ages worldwide. Understanding its mechanisms is vital for the development of effective therapeutic strategies. Scientists recently conducted a study showing that an imbalance in
Water on Mars not as widespread as previously thought
Water on Mars not as widespread as previously thought
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Scientists created planetwide maps of where water might be found on Mars. It is probably scarcer than previously thought, they concluded.
Scientists build whole functioning thymus from human cells
Scientists build whole functioning thymus from human cells
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Researchers have rebuilt a human thymus, an essential organ in the immune system, using human stem cells and a bioengineered scaffold. Their work is an important step towards being able to build artificial thymi which could be used as transplants.
Test your heart health by climbing stairs
Test your heart health by climbing stairs
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Climbing four flights of stairs in less than a minute indicates good heart health, according to new research.
Artificial intelligence improves control of powerful plasma accelerators
Artificial intelligence improves control of powerful plasma accelerators
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Researchers have used AI to control beams for the next generation of smaller, cheaper accelerators for research, medical and industrial applications.
Mass extinctions of land-dwelling animals occur in 27-million-year cycle
Mass extinctions of land-dwelling animals occur in 27-million-year cycle
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Mass extinctions of land-dwelling animals--including amphibians, reptiles, mammals, and birds -- follow a cycle of about 27 million years, coinciding with previously reported mass extinctions of ocean life, according to a new analysis.
Diet modifications - including more wine and cheese - may help reduce cognitive decline
Diet modifications - including more wine and cheese - may help reduce cognitive decline
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The foods we eat may have a direct impact on our cognitive acuity in our later years, according to new research. The study is the first of its kind to connect specific foods with cognitive decline. The findings show cheese protected against age-related cognit
Electric 'knob' tunes chemical reaction rates in quantum gas
Electric 'knob' tunes chemical reaction rates in quantum gas
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Building on their newfound ability to induce molecules in ultracold gases to interact with each other over long distances, researchers have used an electric 'knob' to influence molecular collisions and dramatically raise or lower chemical reaction rates.
Single-crystal technology holds promise for next-generation lithium-ion batteries
Single-crystal technology holds promise for next-generation lithium-ion batteries
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Scientists have improved a promising battery technology, creating a single-crystal, nickel-rich cathode that is hardier and more efficient than before. It's one step toward improved lithium-ion batteries that are common in electric vehicles today. Increasing
Blocking protein restores strength, endurance in old mice
Blocking protein restores strength, endurance in old mice
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A single protein is a master regulator of mouse muscle function during aging, a new study finds. Blocking this protein increased muscle strength and endurance in old animals. It may play a role in age-related muscle weakening in humans.
What caused the ice ages? Tiny ocean fossils offer key evidence
What caused the ice ages? Tiny ocean fossils offer key evidence
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Since the discovery that atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations were lower during past ice ages, the cause has been a mystery. Now, fossils of ocean algae reveal that a weakening in upwelling in the Antarctic Ocean kept more CO2 in the deep ocean dur
Embryonic development in a petri dish
Embryonic development in a petri dish
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By growing mouse stem cells in a special gel, a research team succeeded to grow structures similar to parts of an embryo. The trunk-like structures develop the precursors for neural, bone, cartilage and muscle tissues from cellular clumps within five days. Th
Low oxygen levels in lakes and reservoirs may accelerate global change
Low oxygen levels in lakes and reservoirs may accelerate global change
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Ultimately, this study is crucial for how researchers, and the general public, think about how freshwater ecosystems produce greenhouse gases in the future. With low oxygen concentrations increasing in lakes and reservoirs across the world, these ecosystems w
Making cheaper, biocompatible E-skin electrodes
Making cheaper, biocompatible E-skin electrodes
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Materials scientists have improved electrical conductivity in a polymer electrode for E-skin applications. Their approach is simple and cheap, but further enhancements are needed for the polymer to become a viable alternative to more expensive gold electrodes
One-two punch: Sea urchins stuck belly-up in low-oxygen hot water
One-two punch: Sea urchins stuck belly-up in low-oxygen hot water
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Low oxygen seawater (hypoxia) may be more stressful to reef organisms than high water temperatures and ocean acidity, which are usually considered the most serious stressors associated with global change. Researchers test all three by flipping sea urchins.
A look at the sun's dusty environment
A look at the sun's dusty environment
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Scientists say that how dust moves and transforms around the sun may give them new insights to how Earth and its neighboring planets formed more than 4.5 billion years ago.
Under wraps: X-rays reveal 1,900-year-old mummy's secrets
Under wraps: X-rays reveal 1,900-year-old mummy's secrets
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Researchers used powerful X-rays to see the preserved remains of an ancient Egyptian girl without disturbing the linen wrappings. The results of those tests point to a new way to study mummified specimens.
Amino acid recycling in cells: Autophagy helps cells adapt to changing conditions
Amino acid recycling in cells: Autophagy helps cells adapt to changing conditions
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Scientists have shown for the first time how specific metabolites produced by autophagy are utilized by a cell. They discovered that in budding yeast adapting to respiratory growth, autophagy -- an intracellular recycling system -- recycles the amino acid ser
New algorithm will prevent misidentification of cancer cells
New algorithm will prevent misidentification of cancer cells
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Researchers have developed a computer algorithm that can identify differences in cancer cell lines based on microscopic images, a unique development towards ending misidentification of cells in laboratories.
Energy-efficient magnetic RAM: A new building block for spintronic technologies
Energy-efficient magnetic RAM: A new building block for spintronic technologies
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Researchers demonstrate a new way to enhance the energy efficiency of the non-volatile magnetic memory.
A technique to sift out the universe's first gravitational waves
A technique to sift out the universe's first gravitational waves
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A new technique may sift out universe's very first gravitational waves. Identifying primordial ripples would be key to understanding conditions of the early universe.
Honey bees fend off giant hornets with animal feces
Honey bees fend off giant hornets with animal feces
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Researchers discovered honeybees in Vietnam collect and apply animal dung around hive entrances to deter deadly nest raids by giant hornets. This finding is the first to document the use of tools by honeybees. Researchers found the hornets spent less time an
New-found phenomenon that may improve hurricane forecasts
New-found phenomenon that may improve hurricane forecasts
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Rapid storm intensification and decay remain a challenge for hurricane forecasts. Many factors are involved and some of them are either poorly known or not yet identified. One such factor appears to be the presence of surface-active materials of biological (e
How neurons form long-term memories
How neurons form long-term memories
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Neuroscientists have identified genes that memory neurons use to rewire connections after new experiences. The findings shed light on the biology of long-term memory, with implications for future approaches to intervene when memory deficits occur with age or
New evidence: Neanderthals buried their dead
New evidence: Neanderthals buried their dead
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Was burial of the dead practiced by Neanderthals or is it an innovation specific to our species? Researchers have demonstrated, using a variety of criteria, that a Neanderthal child was buried, probably around 41,000 years ago, at the Ferrassie site (Dordogne
'Spooky Interactions', shocking adaptations discovered in electric fish of Brazil's Amazon
'Spooky Interactions', shocking adaptations discovered in electric fish of Brazil's Amazon
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Researchers have shown how a cave-adapted glass knifefish species of roughly 300 living members (Eigenmannia vicentespelea) has evolved from surface-dwelling relatives (Eigenmannia trilineata) that still live just outside their cave door -- by sacrificing the
Breast cancer survivors are less likely to get pregnant, but often have healthy babies and good long-term health
Breast cancer survivors are less likely to get pregnant, but often have healthy babies and good long-term health
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A large meta-analysis of breast cancer survivors of childbearing age indicated that they are less likely than the general public to get pregnant, and they face higher risk of certain complications such as preterm labor. However, most survivors who do get preg
Evolution may be to blame for high risk of advanced cancers in humans
Evolution may be to blame for high risk of advanced cancers in humans
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Researchers discovered that most people no longer produce the Siglec-12 protein, but some of those who do are at twice the risk for advanced cancer.
Several U.S. populations and regions exposed to high arsenic concentrations in drinking water
Several U.S. populations and regions exposed to high arsenic concentrations in drinking water
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A national study of public water systems found that arsenic levels were not uniform across the U.S., even after implementation of the latest national regulatory standard. In the first study of differences in public drinking water arsenic exposures by geograph
Battling COVID-19 using UV light
Battling COVID-19 using UV light
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Researchers have found a possible breakthrough in how to manage COVID-19, as well as future viruses. It involves using polymer and oligomer materials activated with UV light in order to kill microbes on surfaces.
Filming roaming molecular fragments in real time
Filming roaming molecular fragments in real time
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An international research team has captured roaming molecular fragments for the first time.
Southern Hemisphere westerly winds likely to intensify as climate warms
Southern Hemisphere westerly winds likely to intensify as climate warms
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Polar climate scientists have created the most high resolution past record of the Southern Hemisphere westerly winds. The results describe how the winds are likely to intensify and migrate poleward as the climate warms. The study highlights the urgent need fo
When strains of E.coli play rock-paper-scissors, it's not the strongest that survives
When strains of E.coli play rock-paper-scissors, it's not the strongest that survives
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What happens when different strains of bacteria are present in the same system? Do they co-exist? Do the strongest survive? In a microbial game of rock-paper-scissors, researchers uncovered a surprising answer.
Tomatoes offer affordable source of Parkinson's disease drug
Tomatoes offer affordable source of Parkinson's disease drug
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Scientists have produced a tomato enriched in the Parkinson's disease drug L-DOPA in what could become a new, affordable source of one of the world's essential medicines.
