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Gene identified with a key role in plant adaptation to fluctuating soil salinity levels

Date:
December 18, 2018
Source:
Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona
Summary:
Researchers have identified modifications in a sodium transporter gene with key consequences for plants needing to adapt to fluctuating soil salinity. The research can help to improve the sustainability of crops in rising salinity levels associated with climate change and human pressure.
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Soil and irrigation water salinity is one of the most important problems limiting crop yields and particularly in Mediterranean climates. In these semi-arid climates salinity can be a stressful factor which fluctuates during the year, especially within the current context of climate volatility.

Researchers from the Unit of Plant Physiology at the UAB Department of Animal Biology, Plant Biology and Ecology, in collaboration with the University of Nottingham and the John Innes Centre in Norwich, recently identified several modifications in a sodium transporter gene called HKT1;1 with key relevance to the adaptation of natural populations of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana (A. thaliana) to environments with fluctuating soil salinity.

In the study published in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences researchers conducted a large-scale genomic analysis of the 77 A. thaliana individuals found in natural populations of different salinity gradients located between Blanes and Cap de Creus. The integration of this data with the 1135 A. thaliana genomes belonging to the global collection has led them to verify that Catalonia's varieties showing a high level of adaptation to moderate and fluctuating salinity levels are not Iberian relict plant species, but rather are part of a fairly recent colonisation and posterior adaptation.

The adaptation mechanism of plants confined to soils in which salinity levels vary substantially depending on rainfall is based on structural variations of the HKT1;1 gene which produces changes in the level of expression of this protein. Plants with a low expression of HKT1;1 at root level present high levels of salt in leaves (plants HKT1;1HLS). At first this may seem harmful, but to a certain extent the accumulated sodium in the vacuoles can improve osmotic adjustment and prevent the salt from reaching reproductive tissues.

Nevertheless, when salinity levels are too high, as on the seafront, they become toxic for these plants and thus need to use a mechanism of exclusion. When HKT1;1 expresses itself normally (plants HKT1;1LLS), sodium cannot enter the plant through its roots, thus favouring the transport of potassium instead and allowing the plants to survive in these conditions. Using new and innovative sequencing techniques (10X Genomics Chromium platform) scientists were able to detail all genetic variations present in the different forms of 'HKT1;1 identified in this study.

These results are not only an example of how molecular functions can be revealed based on natural variation data and through the demographic dynamics of populations, but also of how highly valuable information can be obtained to help improve the sustainability of crop yields in a scenario of increasing salinity due to human pressure and climate change.


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Materials provided by Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona. Note: Content may be edited for style and length.


Journal Reference:

  1. Silvia Busoms, Pirita Paajanen, Sarah Marburger, Sian Bray, Xin-Yuan Huang, Charlotte Poschenrieder, Levi Yant, David E. Salt. Fluctuating selection on migrant adaptive sodium transporter alleles in coastal Arabidopsis thaliana. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2018; 201816964 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1816964115

Cite This Page:

Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona. "Gene identified with a key role in plant adaptation to fluctuating soil salinity levels." ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 18 December 2018. <www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/12/181218144251.htm>.
Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona. (2018, December 18). Gene identified with a key role in plant adaptation to fluctuating soil salinity levels. ScienceDaily. Retrieved March 29, 2024 from www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/12/181218144251.htm
Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona. "Gene identified with a key role in plant adaptation to fluctuating soil salinity levels." ScienceDaily. www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/12/181218144251.htm (accessed March 29, 2024).

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